BLOOD BANK LABORATORY INSTRUMENT AND EQUIPMENTS

(PPE) PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTS

SCISSOR AND FORCEPS, Spirit swab bowel

THERMOMETER

AUTOCLAVE & Sterlizer or Incubator

Dropper and Bottle

Pipettes

Pasteur pipette

Test Tubes and tube racks 

WASH BOTTLE 

CENTRIFUGE

BALANCE 

BLOOD DONATION CHAIR

BLOOD SHAKER

BLOOD BAGS

PACKING AND LABEL

REFRIGERATOR CENTRIFUGE FOR SEPARATE BLOOD COMPONENTS

PLASMA EXTRACTOR /SEPRATOR/EXTRACTOR

BLOOD BAG TUBE SEALER

REFRIGERATOR AND BLOOD STORAGE

BLOOD BANK REFRIGERATOR

PLASMA FREEZER STORAGE

DEEP FREEZER

Platelet agitator and incubator

Temperature controlled boxes for transportation of blood components

Water bath FOR INCUBATION

Microscope

Microscope Slide and Cover Slip 

WASTE SEGREGATION

Tests Performed in Blood Bank

Tests Performed

A number of laboratory tests must be completed before blood or blood products can be transfused:

• Determination of the blood type with a Crossmatch.

• Screening for antibodies that may produce adverse effects if transfused.

• Screening for possible infectious agents that could be transmitted with transfusion.

The following tests are manadatory on all units of blood collected for transfusion:

• ABO group and Rh type

• Screening for blood-group antibodies

• Serologic tests for human retroviruses including:
• HIV-1
• HIV-2

• Serologic tests for viral hepatitis including:
• Hepatitis B
• Hepatitis C

• Serologic tests for additional infectious agents including:
• Syphilis (Treponema pallidum
• West Nile virus
• Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

If, and only if, all of these markers are negative can blood be conveyed to the Blood Bank for storage until usage.

A postive results for some of these tests may prevent further donation by that person. A person with such a test result will be notified by the donor center.

Persons with a potential medical condition should see a physician and should not, under any circumstance, donate only to have blood tested.

These measures are done to make the blood supply as safe as possible. The significant infectious diseases transmitted by transfusion and the risk of transmission 

Lets know about Blood Needs and Supply

Blood Needs:

* Every year our nation requires about 5 Crore units of blood, out of which only a meager 2.5 Crore units of blood are available.

* The gift of blood is the gift of life. There is no substitute for human blood.Every two seconds someone needs blood.

* More than 38,000 blood donations are needed every day.

* A total of 30 million blood components are transfused each year.

* The average red blood cell transfusion is approximately 3 pints.

* The blood type most often requested by hospitals is Type O.

Sickle cell patients can require frequent blood transfusions throughout their lives.

* More than 1 million new people are diagnosed with cancer each year. Many of them will need blood, sometimes daily, during their chemotherapy treatment.

* A single car accident victim can require as many as 100 units of blood

Blood Components

Normally, 7-8% of human body weight is from blood.

In adults, this amounts to 4.5-6 liters of blood.

This essential fluid carries out the critical functions of transporting oxygen and nutrients to our cells and getting rid of carbon dioxide, ammonia, and other waste products.

In addition, it plays a vital role in our immune system and in maintaining a relatively constant body temperature.

Blood is a highly specialized tissue composed of more than 4,000 different kinds of components. 

Four of the most important ones are Red cells, White cells, Platelets, and Plasma. 

All humans produce these blood components--there are no populational or regional differences.

Red Blood Cells

also called erythrocytes or RBCs, Known for their bright red color, red cells are the most abundant cell in the blood, accounting for about 40 to 45 percent of its volume. 

The shape of a red blood cell is a biconcave disk with a flattened center - in other words, both faces of the disc have shallow bowl-like indentations

White Blood Cells

also called leukocytes, White blood cells protect the body from infection. They are much fewer in number than red blood cells, accounting for about 1 percent of your blood.

The most common type of white blood cell is the neutrophil, which is the "immediate response" cell and accounts for 55 to 70 percent of the total white blood cell count

Plasma

The liquid component of blood is called plasma, a mixture of water, sugar, fat, protein, and salts. The main job of the plasma is to transport blood cells throughout your body along with nutrients, waste products, antibodies, clotting proteins, chemical messengers such as hormones, and proteins that help maintain the body's fluid balance.

Platelets

Unlike red and white blood cells, platelets are not actually cells but rather small fragments of cells. Platelets help the blood clotting process (or coagulation) by gathering at the site of an injury, sticking to the lining of the injured blood vessel, and forming a platform on which blood coagulation can occur.