Every drop of blood is like a breath for someone! Donate blood - Your Little Share of Blood can give many years of Life to Someone! Donate blood

25.8.19

Lets know about Blood Needs and Supply

Blood Needs:


* Every year our nation requires about 5 Crore units of blood, out of which only a meager 2.5 Crore units of blood are available.

* The gift of blood is the gift of life. There is no substitute for human blood.Every two seconds someone needs blood.
* More than 38,000 blood donations are needed every day.
* A total of 30 million blood components are transfused each year.
* The average red blood cell transfusion is approximately 3 pints.
* The blood type most often requested by hospitals is Type O.
Sickle cell patients can require frequent blood transfusions throughout their lives.
* More than 1 million new people are diagnosed with cancer each year. Many of them will need blood, sometimes daily, during their chemotherapy treatment.
* A single car accident victim can require as many as 100 units of blood

Blood Components

Normally, 7-8% of human body weight is from blood.
In adults, this amounts to 4.5-6 liters of blood.


This essential fluid carries out the critical functions of transporting oxygen and nutrients to our cells and getting rid of carbon dioxide, ammonia, and other waste products.

In addition, it plays a vital role in our immune system and in maintaining a relatively constant body temperature.

Blood is a highly specialized tissue composed of more than 4,000 different kinds of components. 
Four of the most important ones are Red cells, White cells, Platelets, and Plasma. 

Related image

All humans produce these blood components--there are no populational or regional differences.

Red Blood Cells

also called erythrocytes or RBCs, Known for their bright red color, red cells are the most abundant cell in the blood, accounting for about 40 to 45 percent of its volume. 

The shape of a red blood cell is a biconcave disk with a flattened center - in other words, both faces of the disc have shallow bowl-like indentations

White Blood Cells

also called leukocytes, White blood cells protect the body from infection. They are much fewer in number than red blood cells, accounting for about 1 percent of your blood.

The most common type of white blood cell is the neutrophil, which is the "immediate response" cell and accounts for 55 to 70 percent of the total white blood cell count

Plasma
The liquid component of blood is called plasma, a mixture of water, sugar, fat, protein, and salts. The main job of the plasma is to transport blood cells throughout your body along with nutrients, waste products, antibodies, clotting proteins, chemical messengers such as hormones, and proteins that help maintain the body's fluid balance.

Platelets

Unlike red and white blood cells, platelets are not actually cells but rather small fragments of cells. Platelets help the blood clotting process (or coagulation) by gathering at the site of an injury, sticking to the lining of the injured blood vessel, and forming a platform on which blood coagulation can occur.

The 1600 - 1700's

1628
English physician William Harvey discovers the circulation of blood. Shortly afterward, the earliest known blood transfusion is attempted.



Harvey was born at Folkestone, Kent, England, April 1, 1578.

Harvey focused much of his research on the mechanics of blood flow in the human body. Most physicians of the time felt that the lungs were responsible for moving the blood around throughout the body. Harvey's famous "Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus", (On the Motion of the Heart and Blood) commonly referred to as "de Motu Cordis" was published in Latin in 1628, when Harvey was 50 years old. The first English translation did not appear until two decades later.




Image result for william harvey 1628
Harvey, observing the notion of the heart in living animals, was able to see that systole was the active phase of the heart's movement, pumping out the blood by its muscular contraction. Having perceived that the quantity of blood issuing from the heart in any given time was too much to be absorbed by the tissues, he was able to show that the valves in the veins permit the blood to flow only in the direction of the heart and to prove that the blood circulated around the body and returned to the heart. 






1665


The first recorded successful blood transfusion occurs in England: Physician Richard Lower keeps dogs alive by transfusion of blood from other dogs.

Related image




Richard Lower was born at King Street, London, 1631.

He was a pioneer of experimental physiology. He earned an M.D. degree in 1665. He began his own research on the heart. He traced the circulation of blood as it passes through the lungs and learned that it changes when exposed to air. He was the first to observe the difference in arterial and venous blood.





1667


Jean-Baptiste Denis in France and Richard Lower in England separately report successful transfusions from lambs to humans. Within 10 years, transfusing the blood of animals to humans becomes prohibited by law because of reactions.

Jean-Baptiste Denys was born at ParisFrance, 1643.
Jean-Baptiste Denys, personal physician to France's Louis XIV, is generally credited with performing the first human blood transfusion, although some sources award that distinction to Englishmen Richard Lower. What is not in dispute is the year – 1667 – and the patient – a 15-year-old boy who had been bled so much by his doctor that he required an infusion of  blood.
Image result for jean baptiste denys blood transfusion
The source is also not under dispute: Whoever the physician was, he used a sheep's blood. And, somehow, the kid recovered.
Subsequent transfusions using sheep's blood were not as successful, however, and the practice was eventually banned. Science was unaware of the danger not only of interspecies transfusions but of the fact that human beings possessed different, generally incompatible, blood types.

24.8.19

Transfusion medicine - Blood Bank

A Blood Transfusion is a way of adding blood to your body after an illness or injury. If your body is missing one or more of the components that make up healthy blood, a transfusion can help supply what your body is missing.
Depending on how much blood you need, a transfusion can take between 1 and 4 hours. 
About 5 million peoples in each country need a blood transfusion every year, and the procedure is usually safe.
Your blood is made up of several different parts including red and white cells, plasma, and platelets. “Whole blood” refers to blood that has all of them. In some cases, you may need to have a transfusion that uses whole blood, but it’s more likely that you’ll need a specific component.


When you get a transfusion, the blood you’re given has to work with the type of blood you have (either A, B, AB, or O). Otherwise, antibodies in your own blood will attack it, and cause problems. 
That’s why blood banks screen for blood type, Rh-factor (positive or negative), as well as anything that can cause infection.
About 40% of people have type O blood, which is safe to give almost anyone in a transfusion. If you have type O blood, you’re called a universal donor.
If you have type AB blood, you can receive any type of blood and you’re called a universal recipient. If you have Rh-negative blood, you can only receive Rh-negative blood.
Image result for blood group

BLOOD BANK LABORATORY INSTRUMENT AND EQUIPMENTS

(PPE) PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTS SCISSOR AND FORCEPS,  Spirit swab bowel THERMOMETER AUTOCLAVE & Sterlizer or Incubator D...